Knox County, Illinois
Genealogy & History

[The township name was changed from Cherry Grove to Cedar on June 8, 1853.]

(See also Abingdon.)

From the 1870 Atlas Map of Knox County, Illinois, Andreas, Lyter & Co., Davenport, Iowa, 91 pages.  [Submitted by Bob Miller.]

"Rev. Hiram Palmer settled on Section 7, in 1828, O. P. Swarts, August, 1829.  The first birth was Ellen E. Swarts, sister of O. P. Swarts, Nov., 1829.  The first marriage was U. D. Coy and Susie Lattimer, Dec., 1833; the first death was Miss Olive Strange, niece of Rev. John Strange, of Indiana, in 1834.  Hiram Palmer preached the first sermon at the residence of A. D. Swarts in the winter of 1830.  Cedar Township has probably the most natural advantages of any in the country.  On either side is a fine body of timber, while the center is unusually fine, rolling prairie, with a living stream of water on nearly every 1/4 Section.  A part of the beautiful City of Abingdon is in the south part.  Saluda in the northern part, with Galesburg and Knoxville not far from its borders.  Stock raising is a specialty and is carried on extensively and successfully.  ...."

From the 1878 History of Knox County, Illinois published by Charles C. Chapman.  [Submitted by Joan Achille.]

"The township is 10 north, range 1 east, and was one of the earliest settled townships in the county.  It is said that Rev. Hiram PALMER settled on section 7, in 1828.  Abraham D. SWARTZ came to the township in 1829.  Jonathan LATIMER came in 1832 and settled on section 28.  He erected a little log cabin, and not being able to construct a door for some time, they filled a bed-tick with straw and hung it in the doorway to keep out the cold.  Wolves frequently came prowling around and threatening an invasion of the house.  When her husband was away from home Mrs. Latimer would keep up a fire all night to prevent the wolves from entering the house.  These pests of a new country would often come to the doorway and press against the bed, crowding it in; but when they saw the fire would retreat.  Mrs. Latimer says they have done this many nights, but the bright fire kept them at bay.  Mrs. Latimer has often taken the products of her loom on horseback to Knoxville, and exchanged them for family supplies.  Mrs. Catharine REED, widow of John REED, settled on section 17 in 1836.  They located on the very ground the Indians camped on before the Black Hawk War, and used water from the same spring.  Mrs. REED was born in Scotland, in 1790, and came to America in 1796.  She at present resides with her son-in-law, J. W. KAYS, of this township.  One of the early settlers of this township is Reuben CASTLE, who came in 1834 and settled in section 12.  The country was in its native state, except here and there a cabin, and a field improved, until 1844; and while prairie fires ran over the country all the grass and brush were annually burned off.  As soon as these fires were stopped the timber began to grow; and now much of it has attained lofty proportions, and will make from four to six rails to the cut.  Mr. CASTLE says that panthers, wolves and other animals would prowl around, destroying stock and annoying the settlers.  William BEVANS, in 1834, was carrying some soft soap to his home from where he was working, and was attacked by three black wolves.  In defending himself with his axe he spilled his soap, and while the wolves were devouring it he fled and reached home safely.

The first child born in this township was Helen E. SWARTZ, daughter of A. D. SWARTZ, born in November, in 1829.  The first marriage was that of U. D. Coy and Susie Latimer, in December, 1833.  The first death was Miss Olive Strange, who died in 1834.  The first sermon was preached at the residence of A. D. SWARTZ, by Rev. Hiram PALMER."

From the 1886 Portrait and Biographical Album of Knox County, Biographical Publishing Company, Chicago.  [Submitted by Vicki Burton.]

The first settlement made in this township was by Azel Dorsey, who with his family located on the northwest quarter of section 18, in 1878. He sold out soon after to Mr. Finch, who was a Methodist exhorter, and moved to Fulton County. Mr. Finch subsequently sold out and moved to Missouri.

With Mr. Dorsey came Rev. Hiram Palmer, who located near him on section 7. Mr. Palmer was a Methodist preacher. He subsequently, in the spring of 1832, moved to the southeast quarter of section 32, where the Abingdon Cemetery is now located.

In 1829 Abraham D. Swartz and family, from Warren County, moved in, settling on the southwest quarter of section 17. This place is now occupied by James Kays. He had settled in Warren County, to make a home there, but being an ardent Methodist, and learning that there were some of his faith here, he moved over, in order to be with his brethren. With him came his nephew, Josiah Stillings. It was Mr. Swartz who first conceived the idea of founding a college at Abingdon. Over twenty-five years, however, passed away before this project was carried out, and then Mr. Swartz had gone to his long home. The establishment of Hedding College is due mainly to the earnest efforts made by this noble Christian gentleman.

He died in 1852, and was buried in Abingdon Cemetery. His devoted wife had preceded him to that better home. They died of typhoid fever. It was Mr. Swartz who laid out the town of Abingdon. They had eight children, three boys and five girls. They are all dead but one boy and two girls. The oldest girl lives in Washington Territory, and the youngest, Sarah E., who married Mr. Thos. R. Wilson, is also living in Washington Territory. The son is living in Kansas.

The next settler was Joseph Latimer and family of four children, from Tennessee. They moved in in 1831, and made a claim on the northwest quarter of section 29. Mr. Latimer was a good citizen, and built him up here a fine home. He and his wife died at their home and were buried in Cherry Grove burying-ground. George Latimer, son of Joseph, came in 1831 and settled on section 29. He was followed in 1832 by his brother Jonathan, who settled on section 28. He came from Sangamon County, where he had been living awhile. Jacob West, father-in-law of Jonathan Latimer, came with him, settling near by. In 1833 Joshua Bland came with a large family, settling in section 16. Dennis Clark came in this year and lived with Col. Geo. G. Latimer. He was a smart, active and intelligent young man and made himself very popular as well as useful about the settlement. Mr. Bland was quite a benefactor to this new settlement, manifesting this element in his nature by erecting a corn-cracker. It was started in 1833 and located at the headwaters of Branch Creek, as it was called. It was moved by horse power, and rather a primitive arrangement, yet it was as welcome as the night dews to the withered flowers. Before this mill was started the settlers went to Ellisville, on Spoon River, to have their grain ground, and afterward, too, for his little mill was not equal to the increasing demand made upon it. Ellisville Mill was very good for those days, and was largely patronized from an extended area of territory. People going there for their grists were sometimes obliged to wait a whole week before they could turn their faces homeward; and often, while there, kept body and soul together by eating parched corn. There was only one dwelling-house at the mill; and that was not set up as an eleemosynary institution and could not be expected to feed all the hungry people waiting the slow turning of this mill. While this was not a mill of the gods, yet it was not fast in the grinding.

Wm. Bevins and family made an addition to this settlement in 1834, locating on section 23. He was a son-in-law of Mr. Bland. After dwelling here for six years his wife died, and he subsequently removed to Iowa, where he died. Lewis and Bennett Spurlock also moved in this year, settling on section 23. Lewis was a great deer-hunter. His success in hunting this game kept the settlement very liberally supplied with venison. After all, this settlement fell under a very propitious circumstances, for Bevins was a great bee-hunter, and with plenty of corn-cake, honey and venison, they were not likely to go hungry. Bennett Spurlock moved away ; Lewis lived and died here. Reuben Castle, hearing of this happy and thrifty settlement, came in this year, making a claim on section 12. A great claim, however, was made by this pioneer, to the hand of Miss Lang, which he took with the owner, to strengthen and brighten his castle. Neither of these persons has had cause to regret this action, for many years have rolled by to bless the union, leaving them yet living happily together at the old homestead. About this time Hugh A. Kelly and wife, a brother-in-law of Castle, came in, settling on section 15. He was an active man in township matters and is still living. In mentioning the early settlers, Mrs. Catharine Reed should not be overlooked. She was a widow of John Reed, who settled on section 17 in 1836. His location was made on the ground the Indians camped on before the Black Hawk War. Mrs. Reed was born in Scotland in 1790, and emigrated to this country in 1796.

The first couple to join their hearts and hands as one, in this township, were U. D. Coy and Susan Latimer in December, 1832. They afterward moved to Iowa, where they died. Mr. Coy was in the Black Hawk War.

The first natural increase to the population of this settlement was in the person of little Miss Ellen Swartz, November 29, daughter of A. B. Swartz, whose advent into this community was as welcome as a bright May morning.

The first death was Miss Olive Strange, who died in 1834. She was a niece of Rev. John Strange, of Indiana, and came to this place with John Kays, in 1833.

The first school taught here was in the winter of 1835-36, by Mr. Seymour, at Cherry Grove.

Rev. Hiram Palmer was the first man to administer religious food in the way of preaching to the people. Service was held at this time at the residence of A. D. Swartz.

Wolves were quite plenty here in the early days and were very troublesome to the settlers. Some of the cabins had no doors other than straw bedticks hung up at the entrance to keep out the cold. When the husband would necessarily be compelled to be absent of a night the wife would keep up a bright fire during the long hours, to prevent any invasion by these hungry and dangerous animals. These wolves not only annoyed the settlers by their prowling about the cabins, but were constantly preying upon the sheep and young stock. Panthers were also seen occasionally about the settlements.

Cedar Township is numbered ten, north of range one east, and is bounded on the north by Galesburg, on the east by Orange, on the south by Indian Point Township, on the west by Warren County. It is watered by Branch Creek and other little streams. A greater portion of the township is undulating prairie with a rich soil.

April 5, 1853, a meeting was held for the purpose of perfecting a township organization. The voters selected Hugh A. Kelly, Moderator, and L. W. Conger, Clerk, and then proceeded to cast their votes. E. P. Dunlap was chosen Supervisor ; Wm. Marks, Clerk ; Wm. Lang, Assessor ; James W. Smoot, Collector ; J. W. Stephens and W. H. Heller, Commissioners of Highways ; P. M. Shoop and Joseph Harvey, Justices of the Peace ; Thos. S. Bassett, Overseer of the Poor ; Sol. Stigall and Eli Butler, Constables. The election was held at what was then Louisville, about two miles north of Abingdon, on section 16. A vote was also taken for the place of holding the next election, which resulted in favor of Louisville.

This township was organized as Cherry Grove, but was changed to Cedar. In 1855 the place for holding elections was changed to Abingdon. The same year the township was furnished the means of transportation by the completion of what was called the Northern Cross Railroad, from Quincy to Galesburg. There is but one town in Cedar, which is Abingdon, and is located about midway on the southern line of the township. It is highly cultivated, and splendid farms, with fine houses and farm buildings, can be seen in every part of it. Special attention has been given, of late years, to the cultivation of blooded stock - Short-horns and the hornless breed - and in this line Cedar ranks first of the townships in the county.

Cedar Township has eight school districts, all of which have ungraded schools. Value of school property, $8,000, with two brick and six frame school-houses. Number of libraries worth $200, four. Of persons under 11 years of age there were 448, of whom 345 were of school age, 320 being enrolled. The highest wages paid male teachers were $45, the lowest $30; the highest paid female teachers were $40, and the lowest $25. The tax levy was $2,355. The population of Cedar, in 1880, was 1,976, which is about the number of inhabitants at the present writing.

SUPERVISORS

Below are given the names of the citizens who have been honored by the votes of this township with the office of Supervisor : E. P. Dunlap, 1853-54; J. R. Johnson, 1855; Thos. B. Mount, 1856-57; H. A. Kelly, 1858; J. W. Stephens, 1859-62; James McKinnie, 1863; Shaftoe Lowrey, 1864; E. S. Hardin, 1865-68; M. C. Bates, 1869; E. S. Hardin, 1870; M. C. Bates, 1871-72; P. M. Shoop, 1873-74; M. C. Bates, 1875-76; J. S. Latimer, 1877-79; M. C. Kimball, 1880-85.

(See also Indian Point Township.)

From the 1870 Atlas Map of Knox County, Illinois, Andreas, Lyter & Co., Davenport, Iowa, 91 pages.  [Submitted by Bob Miller.]

"Abingdon was laid out by A. D. Swartz, in May, 1836.  It contains two colleges, four churches, two graded schools and two steam flouring mills.  It is located on a beautiful, high, rolling prairie.  No spirituous liquors are sold in the town.  Its advantages for educational purposes cannot be excelled, as the education of the rising generation is the great aim of its citizens, as well as its institutions."

ABINGDON COLLEGE.

"J. W. Butler, President.  This institution is situated at Abingdon, the place noted for its morality and sociality; these, with many other advantages, render it a very desirable location for an institution of learning.

Abingdon College was charted in 1855, with full power to confer any and all literary degrees usually conferred by other colleges of like grade.  In this institution both sexes are admitted to the same classes, and allowed to take the same degrees.  The societies of the institution are open to both male and female.  The buildings are good and commodious; ample for the accommodation of four or five hundred students.  The present buildings have been erected at a cost of about sixty thousand dollars, and are furnished with all modern improvements.  The faculty is composed of men of experience and ability, consisting at present, of eight members.  The school is under the fostering care of the Church of Christ, yet we take pleasure in stating that many who are not members of that body, have contributed liberally to its support.  Abingdon College, founded upon the broad and liberal principals of the religion of Christ, has steadily increased in popularity and usefulness from the first, so that now it justly claims to be ranked with the best colleges in the West.

STATISTICAL SUMMARY. - Years occupied in regular course of study, 4; number of students in attendance A. D. 1870, 200; number of males, 125; number of females, 75; number of graduates the present year, 18; whole number of graduates, 90; number of professors and instructors, 8; value of the buildings, furniture and grounds, $70,000; tuition per year, $30 to $40; date of annual commencement, first week in June.

It is a model of architectural beauty, as will be seen by referring to page 13 of this work.  The whole cost of the building will not be less than $80,000.  To Prof. M. C. Springer, the able Principal, too much praise cannot be given, as he has worked with a will and determination that forever will link his name with one of the finest colleges in the land."

HEDDING FEMALE COLLEGE AND SEMINARY.

The purpose to establish a school under the fostering care of the M. E. Church had long been cherished by a few noble and generous men, who early settled in Cedar Township.  Among these were A. D., O. P., and B. C. Swarts, P. M. Shoup, Wm. Stewart, and J. B. F. Chesney and brother.

In 1855, this institute was founded, with the title of Hedding College Institute, and Prof. U. C. Lewis was appointed first Principal the same fall.  During the summer and fall of 1856 the building now used for college purposes was erected, and completed in 1859.  Since that time prosperity has so attended the efforts of those who sought to build up this first-class institution that the Joint Board of Trustees and Visitors, in their last Annual Session, after carefully considering the pressing want of the Institution for more commodious and eligible buildings, determined, with the help of the Conference to make a vigorous effort in canvassing the patronizing territory, for the purpose of raising a fund sufficient to erect a building suited to its growing necessities.  The Conference heartily endorsed the determination of the Trustees, and appointed Rev. C. Springer Financial Agent of the Institution.  The work of soliciting has been faithfully and successfully pushed forward, thus far with a much more liberal and generous response, by the friends at home and abroad, than at first was expected.  In Abingdon the Institution is cherished by many warm-hearted and true friends, and all classes have cheerfully and very liberally responded to the call for funds.  The building when erected, together with the present edifice, will be of magnificent proportions, varying in width from 45 to 86 feet by 220 feet in length, most of it five stories high."

From the 1886 Portrait and Biographical Album of Knox County, Biographical Publishing Company, Chicago.  [Submitted by Vicki Burton.]

Where a few years ago roamed the red man in pursuit of his favorite game stand populous villages and cities. The beautiful little city of which we now write, and which is so pleasantly situated, lies between the townships of Cedar and Indian Point, on the line of the Quincy Branch of the C., B. & Q. R. R. Its site is on a plateau which gently slopes back on all sides into the far-reaching prairies. Surrounding it is one of the best agricultural districts in the State. From every point the eye rests on beautiful and highly cultivated farms embellished with shapely dwellings, and shaded by handsome trees. To Abraham D. Swartz is due the credit of founding this town, by whom it was platted in 1836. Certainly Mr. Swartz had an eye for the beautiful when he conceived the idea of starting a town and a college here. It is reported of him that soon after he settled in this township he took his devoted wife, who was feeling somewhat sad on account of her solitude, out for a walk one fine day. Their walk led them up to where the college now stands, where they rested. A wide, unbroken prairie extended all around them, reaching far away in the distance, now and then relieved by little groves. Only two or three cabins could be seen, and one of these was their own humble dwelling. After gazing long and earnestly upon the lovely country around him, he turned to his wife and said: "We will live to see a village here, and where we stand a college will be built." His vision proved a prophetic one. Abingdon was platted by Mr. Swartz in May, 1836, on the southwest quarter of section 33, township 10 north, range 1 east. In 1849 an addition was made, which was called South Abingdon. This addition was laid out by Frederick Snyder, April 2, and was located on the northwest quarter of section 4, in township 9 north of range 1 east and immediately south of the original town.

John E. Evans was the enterprising man who opened the first tavern in Abingdon. It was in a double log cabin and its doors were thrown open for the entertainment of man and beast in the fall of 1836. It was quite a noted hostelry in its day and was long remembered for it genial hospitality; undoubtedly it gave more satisfaction to the traveler of that day than the present hotel does to the people of this. Mr. Evans was killed in Iowa by a runaway team.

Mr. Swartz named the town after the one he had lived in in Missouri. About the year 1845 it was incorporated as a village. The records in this matter have been lost. The first store in Abington was opened by Curry & Green, in 1836, in a little log cabin which now would not be regarded large enough for a peanut-shop. This was opened in the spring. John C. Evans opened the second store in the fall. In 1837 another store was opened by Green & Bowman. From this start the village grew quite rapidly and soon became a thriving town. Schools were opened, churches were established, settlers continued to come in and other business houses were opened, and Abingdon began to assume the airs of a city.

By a special act of the Legislature passed April 21, 1857, Abingdon was incorporated as a city. The first officers were W. H. Gillaspie, Mayor; C. C. Lewis, Sidney Owens, Jesse Perdue and George Inness were chosen Aldermen; Charles L. Summers, Clerk; Jesse Burr, Assessor; Andrew Bradbury, Collector; W. H. Gillaspie, Treasurer, and W. Merrick, Marshal.

To return to the early days. We find that in 1837 a public sale of lots was had, which netted quite a little sum. In the year 1838 the first school was opened in the village and was taught by A. McIntosh. During this year Alonzo Reece was born, which was the first birth here. The first death here was that of a Mr. Duffield, in 1838. Abraham D. Swartz was the first Postmaster, receiving his appointment in 1836. From this time to the present Abingdon has had the following Postmasters: D. Reece, S. H. Richey, W. Shannon, B. Bradbury, Jesse Chesney, W. D. Lomax and A. B. Cochran.

After her incorporation as a city Abingdon commenced the erection of good school buildings, established a thorough system of public education, and secured the services of good instructors. Her schools were noted for their excellence. Among her teachers was Myron R. Brewster, who taught here at an early day. He was much beloved and respected by his pupils and all the people who knew him. He was the eighth child of Ezra B. and Joan S.(Reed) Brewster, and was born in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., Dec. 10, 1834. He was a gentleman of education and refinement; pure in character, of modest bearing and retiring nature and a devout Christian. From Abingdon he went to Waukegan and took charge of one of the public schools there. Here he remained until the Rebellion, when, true to his patriotic instincts and ancestral traditions, he gave up his charge and enlisted in the cause of the Union, joining Co. D, 96th Ill. Vol. Inf. He was poisoned while in the service, was taken to a hospital and from there discharged as soon as he was able to return home. As soon as his health would permit he took charge of one of the schools of Evanston, that beautiful city on the shores of Lake Michigan, where he taught until his health and strength failed him, when he was obliged to give up his trust, and a few months after he died. He never recovered from the army sickness nor from the effects of the poison, and was a great, though patient, sufferer for many years prior to his death. The most able physicians in Chicago could give him but temporary relief, and no hope of recovery. On the 19th of April, 1871, surrounded by his beloved and faithful wife, his loving children and a devoted brother, his pure spirit passed away to that summer land where there is no physical conflict, no bodily pain. His remains were interred in Oakwood Cemetery, Waukegan, by the side of his parents and other kindred, and by the shores of that lake whose waves perpetually sing his requiem, and upon the blue waters of which he was wont to gaze with admiring eyes. He left a wife and five children - Nellie, Otto, Lulu, Ernest and Perrin, all of whom are living at Rock Rapids, Iowa, except Perrin, who was drowned while out boating in the Vermillion River at Pontiac, Ill, June 1, 1879. His body was found three days after, and was placed by the side of that of his father in Oakwood Cemetery. Otto and Nellie are married and are living at Rock Rapids, Iowa.

Abingdon made a heavy stride forward when the C., B. & Q. R. R. completed its line through the place. This stimulated its business men to erecting substantial business blocks, and filling them with large stocks of goods. About this time the Hedding College was completed and opened which placed Abingdon among the first towns in educational advantages. In 1883 the Central Iowa Railroad was completed through, which with the C., B. & Q. R. R. gave her abundant facilities for transportation and ready communication with all parts of the country. The business of Abingdon today rests on a substantial foundation. Its stores are first-class, well filled, and a fair business is done. It has two banks. As a shipping point for fine horses and cattle, it is unexcelled by any town of its size in the country. It has also made considerable advancement in its manufacturing industries. Among these are two brick and tile factories, one owned by Messrs. Reed & Davis, and the other by that old and reliable citizen, F. P. Fultz. His factory is situated about two miles west of the city. He has a fine bed of clay, which is very accessible and comparatively inexhaustible. A first-class quality of tile is made and sold at reasonable rates.

Reed & Davis brick and tile factory is situated just north of the town. This is a recent purchase by them. They have an excellent bed of clay, which they obtain from a shaft some 75 feet below the surface. Immediately above the clay-bed lies a two-feet stratum of coal, which they propose to get out and put on the market. There were many improvements here and a good deal of machinery when these gentlemen made their purchase, but they are adding new and improved machinery, putting up new kilns and drying-houses, and largely increasing their manufacturing capacity. They have one kiln in process of erection which will have a capacity of 25,000 tile. The size of their tile ranges for three to eight inches. This is one of the institutions that help maintain and build up a town, and the people should give it every encouragement.

The Nordyke Mills, owned by Shoemaker & McConkle, are another industry of the city which is very creditable. They make a specialty of manufacturing graham flour, corn-meal and feed, and have already established an extensive business.

With its beautiful location, its superior educational advantages, its industries and the rich agricultural country surrounding it, with the extensive stock farms, Abingdon cannot but be prosperous. Her streets are wide, well laid out, and bordered with beautiful shade trees; her dwelling-houses average well, while some are elegant.

FIRE DEPARTMENT

The fire department was organized in 1877, with C. K. Perdue, Marshal. The Hook and Ladder Company has 15 members. Officers: H. H. Bellwood, Foreman; W. T. Phelps, First Assistant; J. B. Davis, Second Assistant; J. J. Bradbury, Secy.; C. Leigh, Treas.

Abingdon Engine Company (chemical) was organized with 21 members. C. J. Lake, Foreman; C. E. Perdue, First Assistant; F. L. Stubbs, Second Assistant. Have 150 feet of hose; depend on wells and cisterns for water supply. Present officers: Fire Marshal, W. A. Jones. Hook and Ladder Co.: J. Merry, Foreman; J. Bellwood, Treas.; membership 21. Chemical Company: A. M. Hopper, Foreman; M. H. Best, First Assistant; W. H. Kibby, Second Assistant; 15 members.

CHERRY GROVE SEMINARY

This seminary was at one time a very popular and well patronized institution of learning. It was founded by M. C. Bates and Jonathan Latimer, and was located about one mile northwest of Abingdon on section 29. It was opened March 1, 1841, under the charge of Rev. Cyrus Haynes, who was a minister of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Mr. Haynes had charge of this school some eight years, and through his ability as an instructor and manager it became one of the noted institutions of learning of this part of the country, and was very prosperous. In 1866 the Cumberland Presbyterian Church established a college at Lincoln, Ill., in consequence of which this seminary was discontinued.

BANKS

The Union Bank was established by Thales H. Givens, J. M. Dawdy and Strawther Givens, in 1873, under the firm name of Givens, Dawdy & Co. In 1878, the bank was reorganized and changed into the Union Bank of Abingdon, with Strawther Givens as President; F. P. Foltz, Vice-President, and T. E. Givens, Cashier.

The People's Bank was opened on the 1st day of December, 1879, with a capital stock of $30,000. In 1881, the capital was increased to $50,000. In 1883 it was merged into the First National Bank of Abingdon. This bank was founded by M. C. Bates, J. B. McKay and M. C. Kimball. The officers are: J. B. McKay, President; M. C. Kimball, Vice-President; W. A. Latimer, Cashier.

MAYORS

HEDDING COLLEGE.  [See the 1899 Hedding College write-up below.]

In 1829 A. D. Swartz came to Knox County, and settled, with his family, near Cherry Grove. Being far from society, they were very lonely. One day they walked out to the high ground southwest of their house, and he said to his wife, "We shall live to see a village here, and where we stand a college will be built." On the ground where he stood when he uttered those words, Hedding College now stands. The school was opened first in the old Methodist Church, on the corner of Washington and Jackson streets. It was under the care of Prof. N. C. Lewis, now deceased, assisted by Prof. M. Andrews, now of Chicago, and was known as Hedding Seminary. The first building was erected in 1857. It was 70 by 40 feet in dimensions and two stories high. The upper room is the chapel. The lower part was used for recitation rooms. In 1873 the new building was erected, 71 x 70 feet, two stories high with a basement. It cost about $45,000, and gives ample accommodation for 500 students. In view of the growth of the institution, and the demands of its patrons, in 1875 it was organized under the general law of Illinois as a college. After Rev. N. C. Lewis, Prof. J. T. Dickinson was elected Principal, then Rev. M. Springer. In 1872 Rev. J. G. Evans, A. M. , was elected President. During his administration the institution was raised to the rank of a college. After him Rev. G. W. Peck was President from 1878 to 1882. The last year of his administration was spent in visiting Europe and the Holy Land. He did a good work in the college. In 1882 Rev. J. S. Cumming, D. D., was elected. At that time the college was very much embarrassed with debt. Of the $19,000 indebtedness, $17,000 has been paid, leaving $2,000 for which provision has been made, and it is hoped that at an early day all those claims will be settled. The present Faculty consists of Rev. J. S. Cumming, D. D., President, Professor of Mental, Moral and Political Science; Rev. D. T. Wilson, A. M., Vice-President, Professor of Natural Sciences; Mrs. T. D. Headley, A. M., Preceptress, Professor of Mathematics; G. J. Hogertz, A. B., Librarian, Professor of Languages; Miss Jennie E. Reed, Ph. M., Secretary, Professor of Belles Lettres; Miss Mary E. Latimer, B. M., Principal of Musical Department; Mr. C. D. Benfield, B. Accts., Principal of Commercial Department; Madison Reece. M. D., Lecturer on Physiology and Hygiene. The college is under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It has done good work. Its sons and daughters are among its preachers, teachers, lawyers, doctors and most useful citizens all over the country.

The citizens of Abingdon are justly proud of the college, and have done and are doing much to aid in its finances, and, in turn, the college is doing much to develop moral and intellectual culture in the community. Earnest efforts are being made to secure an endowment. About $7,000 have been pledged and several bequests have been made, amounting to a little more than $26,000. When the endowment is sufficient to meet the deficiencies in current expenses, the future usefulness of the college will be assured.

PUBLIC SCHOOL

Abingdon has an excellent graded school, which is presided over by V. E. Bender, as Principal; Miss Elsie Marshall has charge of the Grammar Department; Miss Jennie Haney, Intermediate; Miss Anna Vait, Second Primary; Miss Elizabeth Batty, First Primary. A full English course is taught, and the sciences and Latin. Enrollment, 170; average attendance, 145.

It is a fine two-story brick structure, with seven departments, including a fine chapel, in which services are held every morning. The school property of Abingdon is valued at $25,000. Of persons under 21 years of age there are 336, of whom 246 are of school age, 211 being enrolled. The largest wages paid male teachers were $93-75 per month, the lowest the same; the highest wages paid female teachers were $40, and the lowest $35. The tax levy was $3,000.

THE PRESS

The Enterprise. This paper cast its neat, newsy pages before the reading public Aug. 6, 1880. It was established by J. C. Cramer. In June, 1884, J. N. Reed and R. E. Pendarvis purchased the plant, and are the present publishers. They have a steam power press and a good job-office, where they are prepared to do all kinds of jobwork. In this department they have a liberal patronage. The Enterprise is a five-column quarto paper, Republican in politics, and is ably conducted, with a circulation of about 800. They print the Gleaner, which is a monthly paper published by the College. They also print the Galesburg Methodist Episcopal District Monthly, which is gotten up under the auspices of the Methodist Church.

The Abingdon Argus was established March 8, 1882 by Messrs. Clark & Perdue. It was established as a seven-column folio, and independent in politics. Mr. Perdue retired from the firm the year following, and went to Denver and engaged in gardening. Walter H. Clark, senior member, who is a son of Judge Dennis Clark, became sole proprietor. He has continued to increase its popularity and it patrons, and now has a subscription list of about 900. In politics the Argus is still independent. A job-office is connected with the paper, and first-class jobwork at reasonable prices is done. The Argus is a well-edited, newsy paper, devoted to the interests of its patrons and the development of Abingdon. The editor is a genial gentleman, always glad to meet his friends, and to extend a fraternal hand to the craft.

CHURCHES

The Methodist Church was organized in 1833. The society consisted of seven members-- Abraham D. Swartz and wife, Joseph Latimer and wife, Mrs. Nancy Latimer and Mr. Finch and wife; only one of whom still survives - Mrs. Nancy Latimer, at the advanced age of 83, who resides with her daughter, Mrs. Emily Chesney, the next oldest living member. Peter Cartwright was their Presiding Elder, and C. W. Trotter the first regular pastor. Services were held in private houses of the members until 1837, when the first school-house was built, where the city park now is, and they worshiped there till 1846. They then built their first church, a plain, one-story building, on the corner of Washington and Jackson streets, now used for a shop. They continued to meet in this until after Hedding College was built, when they moved to the chapel. After awhile the little band of seven had increased thirty-fold, and they were well able to build. Accordingly, in 1865, the building used at present was erected. It is a two-story structure, costing about $15,000, situated on the corner of Latimer and Washington streets, containing a large auditorium and several pleasant rooms, beside being adapted to social meetings. They have at present a membership of about 280, with Rev. C. O. McCullough as pastor. The following is a partial list of Pastors and Presiding Elders.

Pastors: From 1833-37 - W. D. R. Trotter, Barton Randall, Peter R. Borein, Henry Summers, A. E. D. West, Chauncey Hobert, Justin Woodworth; 1837-38 - Thomas Kirkpatrick; 1840 - Reuben Plumber, Richardson Walters; 1841-42 - John Morey; 1842-44 - S. R. Beggs, J. Wiley; 1845 - G. G. Worthington; 1846 - Barton H. Cartwright; 1847 - R. N. Morse, Freeborn Haney; 1848 - Benjamin Applebee; 1849 - William W. Clark, L. Pool; 1851-52 - William Haney; 1853-54 - J. P. Brooks; 1855 - Henderson Ritchie; 1856 - P. T. Rhodes, J. G. Evans; 1857-58 - John Borland; 1859 - H. G. Murch; 1860 - A. C. Higgins; 1861 - A. Fisher; 1862 - John Morey; 1863 - F. M. Chaffee, who was also agent for Hedding College; 1864 - D. R. Thomas; 1865 - C. Springer; 1866 - F. Smith; 1867 - D. H. Gray; 1868 - W. P. Graves; 1869-70 - L. Janes; 1871 - J. P. Brooks; 1872 - B. E. Kaufman; 1873-75 - J. W. Haney; 1876-77 - G. M. Irwin; 1878-79 - M. A. Head; 1880-81 - J. S. Cumming; 1882˜ - H. L. Brown, who was obliged to give up the work on account of failing health, the remainder of the year being supplied by G. R. Palmer; 1883 - W. B. Alexander; 1884-85 - C.O. McCullough.

Presiding Elders: 1833-35 - Peter Cartwright; 1836 - Henry Summers; 1838 - Newton Berryman; 1840 - John S. Barger; 1846 - Richard Haney; 1848 - Milton Bourne; 1850 - John Morey; 1856-59 - Henry Summers; 1860 - Richard Haney; 1861 - John Morey; 1862 - W. H. Hunter; 1863-65 - F. Smith; 1866-67 - W. H. Hunter; 1868-71 - H. Ritchie; 1872 - Richard Haney; 1873-76 - J. S. Cumming; 1877-80 - A. K. Fullis; 1881 - W. M. Collins; 1882-85 - M. C. Bowlin.

The Free Methodist Church .  This society was organized at Abingdon, in the fall of 1880, by Rev. J. G. Terrell, with W. B. Morse, John Wood and wife and Charles Pratt as members. Meetings were first held in private houses and in halls. In 1881 a lease was secured of the Methodist Protestant building. Rev. William Ferries was the first installed pastor, remaining one year. He was succeeded by Rev F. E. Hall, who remained one year , and was followed by Rev. C. H. Loomis. Mr. Loomis served the church one year, and then Rev. F. D. Brooks, the present pastor, assumed charge. This society has been slowly increasing in numbers, and has now a membership of 26. They adhere to plainness of apparel, laying aside all superfluous dress and ornamentation. They also exclude from the pale of their church those who use tobacco in any form or belong to any secret organization. As far as they can, they adhere to the means and methods of the early Methodists. The clergy do evangelical work in the main, instead of settling down to local preaching.

The Christian Church.  This congregation was organized in 1846, by Rev. Hiram Smith, who was the first pastor. Services were held several years in private houses and in halls. In 1849 they erected a neat little building at a cost of $1,000, in which they worship for several years. Their present place of worship is the chapel of the old Abingdon College. This society seems to have lost it prestige here, and the church work is not as regular nor as active as in former days. They have an enrollment of about 140 members, presiding over which is Rev. L. B. Myers.

The Congregational Church.  This society was organized Sept., 21, 1881, with 13 members by Rev. J. W. Clarke, who was the first pastor. A part of its congregation was made up from the Cumberland Presbyterians, which society had been disbanded. This society was organized in 1835 at Cherry Grove, by Rev. James Stockton, and at first held its meetings in private houses. In 1866 they erected a neat little edifice at Abingdon, which was dedicated in February of the following year. After organization the Congregationalists purchased the Cumberland church building. It was refitted in 1885, at an expense of $2,500, adding also a lecture room. Mr. Clarke served the church until February, 1883, when he was succeeded by Rev. D. B. Spencer, the present pastor. This society has been thrifty, having now a membership of about 100 souls, and a Sabbath-school numbering 160 scholars. The present prosperous condition of this church is largely due to the present pastor, who is a man of much ability.

SECRET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES

Abingdon Lodge, No. 185, A. F. & A. M.  This Lodge was chartered Oct. 2, 1855. The officers named in the charter were Gabriel Williams, W. M.; C. W. Higgins, S. W.; C. C. Lewis, J. W. In regard to the other officers the records are deficient. The present officers are L. B. Myers, W. M.; Ed. Givens, S. W.; L. L. Long, J. W.; W. W. Jones, Treas.; James Bellwood, Sec'y; G. W. Fox, S. C.; L. D. Stephens, J.D.; M. Hughey, S. S.; A. W. White, J. S.; S. McFarland, Tiler. Present membership, 75. In 1871 they built a hall, which is well finished and neatly furnished. The society is in good working condition and financially sound, having funds in the treasury.

Abingdon Lodge, No. 184, I. O. O. F., was chartered Oct. 14, 1855, with H. B. Porter, D. W. Rackhold, John L. Hill, Wm. Shannon, R. K. Porter and W. H. Gillaspie. The first officers were Henry Porter, N. G.; J. L. Hill, V. G.; W. H. Gillaspie, Rec. Sec'y; C. S. Howard, Per. Sec'y; Wm. Shannon, Treas. Of these members Wm. Shannon, D. W. Rackhold, Wm. H. Gillaspie are living. In 1880 they purchased a new hall and fitted it up for their use, at an expense of $1,600. Their property is valued at $3766. Present officers: F. W. Latimer, N.G.; G. W. Oldfather, V. G.; James W. Cox, Rec. Sec'y; D. F. Givens, Per. Sec'y; M. B. Harden, Treas. Present membership, 49. They have a neatly finished hall, and are prosperous, having funds at interest and money in the treasury. The Rebecca Degree has been given to some 20 ladies and they have applied for a charter.

The Ancient Order of United Workmen was chartered Aug. 1, 1878. First officers : John Mosser, P. M. W.; J. O. Andrews, M. W.; Henry Ratekin, G. F.; Wm. Phelps, O.; G. W. Oldfather, Recorder; J. M. Heller, Financier; Strawther Givens, Receiver; J. S. Ritchey, G.; Charles Swartz, I. W.; Milton Dailey, O. W. Present officers: M. Bumer, P. M. W.; F. Foreman, M. W. Present membership, about 30. The Lodge is in good condition.

Abingdon Lodge, No. 310, Good Templars, was organized Dec 20, 1869, with about 20 members. First officers: S. D. Mosser, W. C. T.; A. W. Cochrun, Sec'y; Bessie Benfield, Treas. Present membership, about 40. They have a fine hall, well finished, and hold meetings regularly every Monday evening. The Lodge is prosperous.

G. A. R. Post, No. 58., was chartered July 16, 1879, with 38 charter members. First officers: C. W. Bassett, Com.; A.M. Hopper, S. V. C.; G. M. Bowden, J. V. C.; D. M. Reece, Surg.; D. J. H. Miller, Q. M.; S. D. Hall, O. D.; A. N. Young, O. G.; J. V. Burd, Chaplain; A. W. Cochrun, Adjt.; J. W. Maginnis, Sergt.; Henry Nichols, Q. M. Sergt. Present officers: A. W. Cochrun, Com.; Wm. Peabody, S. V. C.; Wm. Kibbey, J. V. C.; C. E. Perdue, Q. M.; Wm. Sheeley, Chaplain; E. F. Purdum, Surg.; Isaac George, O. D.; J. H. Young, O. G.; G. W. Shoop, Adjt. Present membership, 45. The Post is fairly prosperous and in good working order. Have a plain, substantial hall, with the necessary equipments for working.

W. C. T. U.  This organization was formed here in 1875, and has been doing good work in its line of reformation. Mrs. G. D. Shoop is the President; Mrs. S. A. Hughey, V. P.; Mrs. Ellen Sanborn, Rec. Sec'y; Mrs. Caroline Perdue, Cor. Sec'y; Mrs. W. H. Heller, Treas.  At present the society is in good standing, and there are about 20 members. A Band of Hope was started last fall, of which Mrs. Hall is the present Superintendent.

Independent Order of Mutual Aid, Abingdon Lodge, No. 71, was chartered March 23, 1880, with 14 members. First officers: M. F. Johnson, President; H. M. Shoop, V. P.; C. W. Bassett, Rec. Sec'y; H. L. Chaffee, Fin. Sec'y; J. W. McCowan, Treas. Present officers: J. H. Miller, President; W. H. Kibbey, V. P.; J. W. McCowan, Rec. Sec'y; J. A. Marshall, Fin. Sec'y; Wm. Sheeley, Treas. Present membership, 10; many of the members having moved away. This is an insurance order. Policies are all $2,000, and are issued to persons from 25 to 50 years. The meetings are held in the G. A. R. Hall.

CEMETERY

Abingdon Cemetery is pleasantly located on the southeast quarter of section 32 and contains about ten acres. It is owned by the city and is controlled by the City Council. Many of the old pioneers of Knox County repose here beneath the shady trees. It was well laid out, the grounds are well kept, and contain many fine and appropriate monuments.

From the 1899 Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois and Knox County, Munsell Publishing Company.  [Submitted by Jim Ferris.]

Hedding College
by J. G. Evans

"Abraham Swarts, who laid out the town of Abingdon, in 1836, contemplated the founding of a college, but did not live to realize his ideal. His sons, Oregon P. and Rev. Benjamin C. Swarts, and his daughter, Mrs. Thomas R. Wilson, were so impressed with his plans that they embraced the first opportunity to lead in such a movement.

Hedding Collegiate Seminary was opened in the Methodist Church, November 19, 1855, with Rev. N. C. Lewis, A.M., as Principal.

The first building was erected in 1856-7, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars, and occupied December 16, 1857. In February, 1857, a charter was obtained incorporating the institution under the name of Hedding Seminary and Central Illinois Female College. Professor Lewis, who resigned at the close of his third year, was a man of fine ability, broad culture, large experience and good practical sense. He laid well the foundations upon which others were to build.

John T. Dickinson, A.M., was elected to fill the vacancy, and was in charge of the seminary for nine years, including the four years of civil war, so trying to institutions of learning. Professor Dickinson, with the aid of some generous friends, succeeded in keeping the school alive until the war closed and young men and prosperity returned.

In 1866, Rev. F. M. Chaffee secured subscriptions for an endowment fund amounting to eleven thousand dollars. The first moneys received were diverted, with the consent of the donors, to be used in building. The balance was never paid, and the seminary was left without any endowment. Professor Dickinson was a good teacher, excellent scholar and a Christian gentleman. He was succeeded by Rev. M. C. Springer, who was President five years. Under his administration a new building enterprise was inaugurated.

Rev. C. Springer, financial agent, called a public meeting in Abingdon, at which Rev. J. G. Evans, who was in charge of the special effort, secured subscriptions amounting to twelve thousand dollars. A building, to cost sixty thousand dollars, was planned and the foundations laid. Unexpected difficulties were encountered, discouragements multiplied, subscribers withheld payments because they doubted the ability of the trustees to go forward, and the work ceased.

Professor Springer had a fine personal appearance and, being dignified in manners, courtly in bearing and gentlemanly in conversation, was well qualified to direct the education of young people. But he was conscious of the impossibility of realizing his ideal while embarrassed by the limited room in the old building. Disappointed in his expectations, he resigned in 1872, leaving an honorable record behind him. Rev. J. G. Evans, A.M., was chosen as his successor.

A very serious difficulty in the way of resuming the building enterprise was found to exist in the discouragement arising from the want of confidence. Subscribers refused to pay until they could see the work going forward, and that could not be without means. A. J. Jones, financial agent, P. M. Shoop, Superintendent of Work, and the President advanced the money to begin work, and as the walls went up confidence was restored, subscriptions were paid and success was assured. The new building was occupied in 1874, but not completed until 1876. The cost was thirty-five thousand dollars.

In August, 1875, articles of incorporation were granted to the institution by the Secretary of State, under the name of Hedding College, and full and thorough college courses were adopted. The first administration of President Evans closed in 1878, at the end of six years of hard and successful work. No indebtedness for current expenses had been incurred, subscriptions on hand were ample to cover all indebtedness upon the new building, the attendance had nearly doubled, the graduating class of that year numbered fourteen, and eighty undergraduates remained.

In 1878, Rev. G. W. Peck was elected to the presidency, and held the position four years. He was a good teacher, but lacked the experience and knowledge of Western life and customs necessary to success. Seeing a rapid decline in attendance and a growing annual deficit, he became discouraged and resigned, leaving an accumulated deficit for current expenses of over ten thousand dollars.

Rev. J. S. Cumming, A. M., succeeded him. He entered upon the duties of his office with enthusiasm and prosecuted the work with untiring energy. The difficulties were almost insuperable, but with a faith that gave birth of hope he toiled, with a heroism worthy of the noble cause he so faithfully served. His success in raising money saved the institution, and it was through no fault of his that the school still declined in numbers. After four years of anxiety and hard work, Dr. Cummings resigned and Rev. J. R. Jaques, D. D., Ph.D., was elected as his successor. Dr. Jaques was well known as an educator, was able in the pulpit and on the platform, and his election gave universal satisfaction; but he was unable to outside work, the finances did not improve, nor did the attendance increase, and at the close of the third year he resigned, but retained his chair and took the vice-presidency.

Rev. J. G. Evans, D. D., LL.D., was again called to the presidency. The property had been sold under mortgage, and the privilege of redemption had expired. The attendance the previous year was only one hundred and six. The property was restored; seven thousand dollars raised and expended in repairs; the Abingdon College property, which originally cost sixty thousand dollars, has been purchased; the attendance has increased every year, reaching four hundred and three last year; and fifty-five thousand dollars have been secured in endowment notes.

The moral tone and religious sentiment in Hedding have always been of a high order. A daily prayer meeting has been well maintained for thirty years, and from eighty to ninety per cent of the students are Christians.

The government of Hedding is administered upon the theory that such restrictions ought to be enforced as are found necessary to secure the best attainments in the legitimate work of the college, and protect students from being injured by objectionable environments and vicious influences. Secret fraternities, match games with other colleges, football, profanity, attending dances or theaters, drinking intoxicants and the use of tobacco are prohibited, because considered detrimental to good government and injurious to student life. Gymnasium work and all proper athletics are sanctioned and encouraged.

Rev. J. G. Evans resigned, and in June, 1898, Hyre D. Clark, D. D., Ph.D., became President."